To date, there is no reliable method of diagnosis that would give one hundred percent result regarding the pathogens of the disease and the degree of process activity.Compared to other methods, a blood test for parasites is most accurate.Only in this way can information be obtained about the presence of a particular microorganism, regardless of the cycle of its vital activity from the formation of the egg and larva to an adult.
Why is the exact diagnosis of helminths important?Almost all antiparasitic agents presented in the pharmaceutical market have a wide range of activity in relation to different groups of worms.
However, the treatment period differs, depending on the type of disease, it can be from 1 day to several months.At the same time, helminths affect the work of the whole human body.
Their development is accompanied by such physiological changes as:
- Desensitization (constant allergic reaction).
- Persistent lack of vitamins and various elements.With parasitic invasion, the structure of the epithelial intestinal cells is damaged, as a result, the absorption of various nutrients is disturbed.
- Changes in the hormonal background.
- Holy disturbances (this is also reflected in the usual blood test).Increasing vascular permeability.
- The development of chronic digestive pathologies (liver disease and biliary tract, inflammation of the pancreas, intestines), endocrine (diabetes), bronchopulmonary (bronchial asthma) system.
- Exacerbation of allergic diseases.
- Emotional disorders (chronic fatigue, irritability, moodiness, insomnia, constant alarming, pathological hyperactivity).
- Exercise to the difficult course of diseases caused by viruses and infections due to immunodeficiency.
Confirmation of the diagnosis by a blood test from vein on parasites is also recommended when specific symptoms of helminthiasis appear.Let us dwell on the most common.The possible infection with pinworms (enterobiosis) is evidenced by itching in the anus area, significantly increasing in the evening and night.Its intensity depends on the power of invasion.Sometimes it is not limited to the anus, but applies to the external genitalia.Constant combing can cause infectious complications.
The invasion of the Blazothale (trichocephales) is accompanied by a general malaise, increased fatigue, pain in the right iliac region, diarrhea is constantly replaced by constipation, sometimes a bloodstone in the feces is noted.Strongyloidosis proceeds with constant temperature fluctuations, rashes on the chest, buttocks, abdomen, lower back and hips, stench diarrhea (up to 7 times a day).
Signs of trichinellosis are symptoms of acute intoxication, facial swelling, severe muscle pain.It is dangerous to defeat almost all internal organs and central nervous system.Toxocarosis is also characterized by night dry cough.Sometimes toxocar larvae enter the brain with blood flow.In this case, the patient may have convulsive seizures and other neurological symptoms.
Almost all parasites are characterized by a set of clinical signs, consisting of:
- pain and rumbling in the abdomen;
- nausea, less often - vomiting;
- stool violations;
- flatulence;
- allergic manifestations.
Currently, the most common method of diagnosis of helminthiasis is a serological immunosorbent blood test for the detection of parasites.The decoding of this study is based on the detection of certain antibodies, which are produced in response to antigens of foreign microorganism.
The advantage of immunoformal analysis (ELISA) is its versatility.Such a technique is applicable for the diagnosis of worms in both an adult and a child.Treatment with various drugs does not have a significant effect on the results.The only thing that can affect the production of antibodies is the state of immunodeficiency.In addition, this blood test for parasites is comprehensive, that is, several pathogens can be identified at the same time
How to check for parasites, what tests to take, preparation for research
How to check on parasites, what tests can be given in the clinical and diagnostic center.Now they offer many packages for complex diagnostics, which include research on all common helminths and protozoa.Its conduct does not require special training.
But to obtain reliable results, doctors recommend not eating 8-10 hours before analysis, blood on the morning strictly on an empty stomach in the morning.In addition, they are advised to refrain from fatty and sweet food, alcohol.Stress, intensive physical exertion should be avoided.If the use of drugs falls on the early time, you need to transfer it for several hours and drink it after the analysis.
Blood fence is made of vein.For conducting the study, 1-3 ml is enough.Then the nurse asks to bend the hand at the elbow and stay in this position for 10-15 minutes.This is necessary to prevent the formation of a bruise.The result will be ready in 3-5 days.
In the medical literature, the IFA methodology is described using specific terminology, which is simply incomprehensible to a person without appropriate education, who is simply interested in how to check for parasites, what tests to take.
In the conditions of the laboratory, they take a special tablet with cells in which an antigen of a certain parasite is pre -introduced.A small amount of blood serum is added there.Then, using the devices, photometry is carried out, during which specific markers are evaluated.The “classic” study includes: giardia, toxoplasmes, trichomonas, all pathogens of helminthiases (pinworms, ascarides, toxocars, echinococci, opistarchy, trichinella).
As a result of ELISA, three types of antibodies can be distinguished:
- IgM, detect at 2.5-4 weeks of infection;
- Iga, is produced from the first days of the disease and is determined until the cure;
- Igg, discovered starting from 4 weeks of the disease, a decrease in the titers occurs only after 1-1.5 months after recovery.
The conclusion about the presence of a parasitic infection is made on the basis of the ratio of these antibodies.Their absence indicates that there is no helminthic invasion.The specificity and reliability of ELISA is about 90%.
The probability of false positive and false negative results occurs in various failures in the operation of the immune system.Therefore, when making a diagnosis, not only the data of ELISA is taken into account, but also a clinical picture.If necessary, the patient is sent for additional examinations.
Analyzes for parasites in adults and child
There are other ways to identify helminthic invasion.
The presence of such a disease can be assumed by a general blood test.
They pay attention to such signs as a long-term, which lasts several months, an increase in the level of eosinophils (normal values fluctuate within 1-5%), with some types of helminths anemia is possible (reducing the concentration of hemoglobin).
A common analysis of parasites in a child is a known scraping to all an enterobiosis.
To do this, immediately after awakening, without getting out of bed and without washing, it is necessary to push the buttocks and attach a piece of tape to the anal opening and skin around it.Then it is glued to the item and for 1.5 hours is attributed to the laboratory.
But this study allows you to determine only one type of parasite.It is absolutely not suitable for the identification of Lambia and other protozoa.Calais analysis is more indicative.In this case, you can detect larvae of ascaris and different worms, pathogens of helminthiasis, parasitic in the intestine.But a negative result does not always mean the lack of a disease.Therefore, for reliable diagnosis, various tests for parasites in a child are required.
A negative analysis of feces can turn out if the worms have not yet reached the final parts of the digestive system or they have already passed the propagation cycle.Some drugs can also influence the data.Therefore, it is recommended to repeat the study after a few days.
But the most reliable analysis of parasites in an adult and child is diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction or abbreviated PCR.At the same time, experts determine the DNA of the pathogen in the blood of the patient.It is clear that with this method of study, the probability of false data is negligible.The analysis will give an accurate result even in the initial stages of invasion.
Usually PCR is prescribed to confirm the diagnosis.The widespread use of this method with a preventive goal limits the high cost.In adults, the testimonies for the examination on parasites are problems with immunity, general deterioration in well -being, the temperature of unclear etiology, coughing and other symptoms of helminthiasis.However, it is recommended that you start diagnostics with a regular fecal analysis, which can be handed over in any clinic.
Important!Treatment should begin only after tests for parasites in adults have been taken, and confirmation of helminthic invasion has been obtained.Taking drugs in case of suspicion of a parasitic infection can cause serious complications.
Medical recommendations differ in relatively early diagnosis of such diseases in childhood.It is necessary to take a scraping to enterobiosis and feces on the egg -reader twice a year.Such tests for parasites in a child are required before visiting the garden and school.And in no case should not be forgotten about prevention, which comes down to frequent wash of the hands corresponding to the treatment of food and the quality of drinking water.